ONCOLOGY CLINIC

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is the irregular development of skin cells. Skin cancer is the most common cancer form among all cancers. Skin cancer may not have clear symptoms but colour changes might be a sign to go to see a doctor for an early diagnosis.

Skin cancer treatment depends on factors like size, location, and stage. Some of the treatments are listed below:

• Chemotherapy: Can be taken orally, or injected with a needle line to kill cancer cells.
• Immunotherapy: Medications used that stimulate the immune system to kill cancer cells.
• Photodynamic therapy: Laser light and drugs used.

Tongue Cancer

Tongue cancer is a common type of cancer. Tongue cancer starts in the cells of the tongue. It is a type of head or neck cancer. It may start on the front part of the tongue which is known as “oral tongue cancer”. If it occurs at the base of the tongue it is called “oropharyngeal cancer.”

Treatment of tongue cancer depends on the size of the tumor and the spreading speed of the cancer. Large tumors are removed by a surgery called “partial glossectomy” Early diagnosis tongue cancers need a small operation. 

Peritoneal Cancer

Peritoneal cancer is one of the rare cancer types. It forms in the thin layer of epithelial cells. These cells line the inside wall of the abdomen.

Some treatments for peritoneal cancer are:

• Surgery: Usually, the first thing to do to stop cancer cells is surgery. With cancer, the surgeon also removes the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and omentum.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is used to make tumors smaller before the surgery. It may also be used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.
• Targeted therapy: In this therapy, some drugs are used to stop cancer cells grown. That is done without harming healthy cells.

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancer types among all. There are different kinds of treatment for kidney cancer and it depends on many factors like the stage of the cancer, age, and patient’s overall health.

Some treatment methods for kidney cancer are:

• Surgery: Surgery has the potential to cure kidney cancer which is still localized to the kidney.
• Radiation therapy: This method uses high-energy radiation to stop kidney cancer.
• Chemotherapy: This is only used for some types of kidney cancer.
• Targeted therapy: In this method, several targeted therapy drugs are used to cure cancer.

Colon Cancer

Colon cancer is cancer that starts in the cells in the large intestine. Colon cancer occurs mostly in older ages but may affect people at any age. Some symptoms of colon cancer are:

• Persistent changes in bowel habits.
•  Weakness
• Sudden weight loss
• Rectal bleeding

Colon cancer surgeries might be effective to heal cancer as well as radiation therapy and chemotherapy. There are surgeries for early stages and advanced colon cancer. Polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and laparoscopic surgery are some of the early-stage colon cancer surgeries. If the patient’s overall health is pure, the surgeon may offer advanced surgery.

Larynx Cancer

Larnyx cancer is a cancer type that occurs in your voice box. It is important for people in terms of well-breathing and speaking. 

As a part of treatment radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be used as a combination. Radiotherapy uses controlled high energy to kill cancer cells. Chemotherapy uses powerful cancer-killing medicine.

There are 3 types of surgeries for larynx cancer:

• Endoscopic resection: This is used in the early stages.
• Partial laryngectomy: In this surgery, the affected part of your larynx is removed.
• Total laryngectomy: The entire larynx is removed in this type of surgery.

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer types among all. Usually, women over 50 are diagnosed with breast cancer but it can occur at younger ages as well. Some of the symptoms of breast cancer can be lined below:

• Changes in size and shape.
• A rash around the nipple
• Dimpling the skin on the breasts

Surgery, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy are the main treatments for breast cancer. Choosing the right treatment depends on factors including age, and overall health. Breast cancer surgery usually follows other treatments like chemotherapy.

Urinary Bladder Cancer

In urinary bladder cancer, a tumor development occurs in the bladder lining. The tumor may spread bladder muscle. Blood in the urine is the most common symptom of urinary bladder cancer. Smoking is the main cause of urinary bladder cancer. Men are more affected by urinary bladder cancer than women.

Most patients may have either surgery or radiotherapy as a cure for urinary bladder cancer. After the treatment, you will have regular follow-up tests.

Stomach Cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as “gastric cancer” is a cancer type in that the cancerous cells grow uncontrollably in the lining of the stomach. Stomach cancer develops over a long time and it is hard to diagnose. 

Some of the treatments for stomach cancer can be lined up as below:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Surgery
• Immunotherapy

The treatment should aim to stop stomach cancer spread to the lungs, bones, liver, and lymph nodes. A balanced diet, exercise, not smoking, limited alcohol consumption, and weight control can be helpful to avoid stomach cancer.

Ovarium Cancer

Ovarium cancer is the uncontrolled growth of the cells in the ovarium. These cells grow very fast and spread in the ovarium. In earlier stages, ovarium cancer may not show any signs. Signs of ovarium cancer are:

• Weight loss
• Fatigue
• Changes in bowel habits
• Back pain
• Always feeling full when eating
• Abdominal bloating or swelling
• Urinate too often

Treatments:

• Surgery: Surgeries for ovarium cancer are four types: In the first type; one ovary is removed and the second one aims removal of two ovaries. The third type aims to remove both ovaries and the uterus. The last type is advanced cancer.
• Chemotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Hormone therapy
• Immunotherapy

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreas is the organ in the body that helps digest food and makes hormones such as hormone. It is in the top part of the tummy. The cancerous cells in the pancreas can be in any part of the organ and how serious is pancreatic cancer depends on that.

Pancreatic cancer can be difficult to treat. Treatment of pancreatic cancer depends on how early stage it is. If it has not spread, the surgeon removes it. If cancer can not be removed, surgery is done to control some symptoms of pancreatic cancer. Recovery of pancreatic cancer takes a long time.

Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is a type of cancer in that cancerous cells start growing and spreading in the prostate. Some types of prostate cancer have grown slowly but some others have grown very fast. 

Factors like how fast the prostate cancer is growing, patience’s all over health, and if the cancer has spread are important to determine the treatment of prostate cancer. If it is a low-grade prostate cancer, treatment may not be necessary instantly.

Surgery to remove the prostate, radiation therapy, freezing or heating prostate tissue, hormone therapy, targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy are among the common treatments for prostate cancer.

Uterine cancer and cervical cancer

Uteris is the place where the baby is during pregnancy. Uterine cancer, also known as “womb cancer” is a cancer type in which cancerous cells start growing and spreading in the uterus. Treatment of uterine cancer is including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Some targeted medicines are also used to treat uterine cancer.

Cervical cancer is a cancer type that occurs in any part of the cervix. The cervix is between the vagina and the uterus. Cervical cancer grows slowly. The main treatment of cervical cancer is surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are also used to treat cervical cancer.

Rectal cancer

It is a  cancer type that the cancerous cells start developing in the rectum. The rectum is a part of the large intestine that longs several inches. Some symptoms of rectal cancer are including:

•  Abdominal pain
• Fast weight loss
• Weakness
• Narrow stool
• Dark maroon or red blood red in stool
• A change in bowel habits
• Speaking about rectal cancer, surgery is a big part of the treatment. If the cancer part can not be removed without damaging other organs, the surgeon may suggest a treatment that combines chemotherapy and radiation therapy. That may shrink the cancer and make it easier to be removed by the surgeon.

Thyroid Cwancer

Thyroid cancer is a type o cancer that affects the thyroid gland. It is known as a very rare type of cancer. Thyroid cancer is usually treatable and mostly can be cured completely.

Some of the common treatments for thyroid cancer can be lined up as below:

• Surgery: Thyroid cancer surgery is done to remove the thyroid partly or completely.
• Radioactive iodine treatment: The patient was asked to swallow a radioactive substance that kills the cancerous cells.
• External radiotherapy: A radiation machine is used on the cancer cells to kill them.
• Chemotherapy and targeted therapies: Some medicines are used to cure patients.

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal cancer is a cancer that cancerous cells start uncontrollably develop in the esophagus. Esophageal cancer can start in any part of the esophagus. It is among the six most common cancer types.

Some signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer are:

• Chest pain
• Dysphagia
• Coughing or hoarseness
• Fast weight loss

 Treatment of esophageal cancer are including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, a combination of radiation and chemotherapy, targeted drug therapy, immunotherapy, and as a main treatment, surgery. Esophageal cancer surgery can be used alone or can combine with other treatments.

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